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A profile shot of Gweneth Paltrow in Contagion (2011). The on-screen text, Day 2, is partially covered by the closed captions: [Coughs] [Cell phone rings]

Positioning and styling captions when speakers overlap and interrupt each other

It can be challenging to caption scenes with multiple speakers. Bottom-center caption placement is far from ideal for readers when it fails to clarify who is speaking. Adding to the difficulty: speakers may talk quickly, interrupt each other, or overlap their speech turns to give cooperative support. When captions are placed underneath or next to each speaker, readers can more quickly distinguish — at a glance — who is speaking.

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About Sean Zdenek

Dr. Sean Zdenek is associate professor of technical and professional writing at the University of Delaware. His book, Reading Sounds: Closed-Captioned Media and Popular Culture (UChicago, 2015), won the 2017 award for best book in technical or scientific communication from the Conference on College Composition and Communication. Mastodon: union.place@seanzdenek Amazon: Reading Sounds: Closed-Captioned Media and Popular Culture, University of Chicago, 2015. ReadingSounds.net is the supplemental website for the book, which includes over 500 video clips. Curriculum vitae (pdf) Professional biography: Department of English, University of Delaware

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Fair use notice

The videos on this site are transformative works used in good faith, in keeping with Section 107 of U.S. copyright law, and as such constitute fair use of copyrighted material. According to Section 107 of U.S. copyright law, “the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright.” The copyrighted materials included on this site are used for all of these[continue reading]

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References: Accessible Podcasting

Sean Zdenek Texas Tech University Computers & Composition Online (Fall 2009) Contents Introduction Limiting access in the Podcasting Bible A critique of “on the fly” podcasting (Part 1, 2) Podcasting 2.0: Towards an accessible Web (Part 1, 2) References About the author “About OCR” 2005 “About OCR.” Office For Civil Rights. U.S. Department of Education. Accessed: July 3, 2008. Bauman 2004 Bauman, H.-D. L. (2004). “Audism: Exploring the Metaphysics of Oppression.” Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education , 9 (2), 239-246. Belanger 2005 Belanger, Y. (June 2005). “Duke University iPod First Year Experience Final Evaluation Report.” Center for Instructional[continue reading]

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Podcasting 2.0: Towards an accessible Web, part 2

Sean Zdenek Texas Tech University Computers & Composition Online (Fall 2009) Contents Introduction Limiting access in the Podcasting Bible A critique of “on the fly” podcasting (Part 1, 2) Podcasting 2.0: Towards an accessible Web (Part 1, 2) References About the author My own approach to accessibility emphasizes bodily differences, web accessibility guidelines (especially W3C’s Web Content Accessibility Guidelines), and the growing wealth of accessibility tools (and video modding apps). Start with the body Mainstream discourse about podcasting rarely discusses the affordances of the body. It rarely makes explicit the minimum requirements for participating, at the level of embodiment, or[continue reading]

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Podcasting 2.0: Towards an accessible Web

Sean Zdenek Texas Tech University Computers & Composition Online (Fall 2009) Contents Introduction Limiting access in the Podcasting Bible A critique of “on the fly” podcasting (Part 1, 2) Podcasting 2.0: Towards an accessible Web (Part 1, 2) References About the author Making podcasts accessible is a pretty straightforward process. In the case of an audio-only podcast, the producer (or someone else) simply creates a written transcript and makes it readily available (e.g. within the RSS enclosure, as a link on a website, in the lyrics tab on iTunes, etc.). For example, Mignon Fogarty, host and author of the popular[continue reading]

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“On the Fly” Podcasting: A critique, part 2

Sean Zdenek Texas Tech University Computers & Composition Online (Fall 2009) Contents Introduction Limiting access in the Podcasting Bible A critique of “on the fly” podcasting (Part 1, 2) Podcasting 2.0: Towards an accessible Web (Part 1, 2) References About the author The roadblock to this broader understanding of the “unique challenges” facing our students in the new media classroom is a set of normative constructions in the text that pass as common sense. The “you” in Krause’s text is an ableist and audist fiction that classifies all users as seeing, hearing, and in full possession of the fine motor[continue reading]

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“On the Fly” Podcasting: A critique, part 1

Sean Zdenek Texas Tech University Computers & Composition Online (Fall 2009) Contents Introduction Limiting access in the Podcasting Bible A critique of “on the fly” podcasting (Part 1, 2) Podcasting 2.0: Towards an accessible Web (Part 1, 2) References About the author One aspect of podcasting that makes it so attractive to proponents is how quickly podcasts can be recorded and made available to users. When applied to instructor-generated podcasts, this view might be summarized as follows: the more planning, writing, and time podcasting takes, the less attractive it becomes as a classroom supplement. Granted, this is probably true of[continue reading]

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Limiting Access: Technical access in the Podcasting Bible

Sean Zdenek Texas Tech University Computers & Composition Online (Fall 2009) Contents Introduction Limiting access in the Podcasting Bible A critique of “on the fly” podcasting (Part 1, 2) Podcasting 2.0: Towards an accessible Web (Part 1, 2) References About the author Accessibility is virtually invisible as a topic in mainstream podcasting discourse. Nowhere is this more evident than in the Podcasting Bible (2007) by Steve Mack and Mitch Ratcliffe, a 570-page tome that by its sheer size and name alone should have something to say about designing audio and video podcasts for people with disabilities. Indeed, the Bible comes[continue reading]

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Accessible Podcasting: College students on the margins in the new media classroom

Sean Zdenek Texas Tech University Computers & Composition Online (Fall 2009) Contents Introduction Limiting access in the Podcasting Bible A critique of “on the fly” podcasting (Part 1, 2) Podcasting 2.0: Towards an accessible Web (Part 1, 2) References About the author Students with disabilities are in danger of being either excluded from the new media revolution or accommodated as after-thoughts of pedagogies that fail to anticipate their needs. Too often, our excitement about new media, even when that excitement is tempered by sober reflection, leaves intact a set of normative assumptions about students’ bodies, minds, and abilities. These assumptions[continue reading]